Linux intro
Table of Content
Linux intro#
with Ubuntu#
O.S Kernel user space#

Linux Kernel and Distributions#
A Linux distribution is an operating system composed of the - Linux kernel - package manager. - applications - display server (GUI)


Ubuntu#

Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software. Ubuntu is officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet of things devices and robots
Ubuntu versions#

- Release Every 6 month in (4, 10)
- LTS Release Every 2 years (20.04, 22.04)
Terminal and BASH#

- Terminal (emulator) is a GUI to interact with the shell.
- shell is a program that processes command and return output.
- BASH: shell scripting language
Root tree#

pwd#
man pwd#
pwd - print name of current/working directory
pwd#
pwd
/home/user
ls#
ls --help
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
List information about the FILEs
man ls#
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabeti‐
cally if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .
stdin / stdout / stderr#
- 0: stdin
- 1: stdout
- 2: stderr

Filesystem#
Is the way in which files are named and where they are placed logically for storage and retrieval.
- FAT
- NTFS
- EXT4
format#
man mkfs.fat
mkfs.fat - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mkfs.
mkfs.bfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext3 mkfs.fat mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat
mkfs.btrfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.ntfs
Folders / Directories#
- mkdir
- cd
- rmdir
- rm
files and permission#
- ls
- ll
- ls -lah
- cp
- rm
files permission and owner#
- chown
- chmod
